Many parents consider purchasing property in their child’s name to secure their future. However, there is often confusion about whether a minor can own property in India and what legal conditions apply. Can a minor buy property? What are the tax implications? Can parents sell the property later? This article answers all these questions in simple terms.
Can a Minor Own Property in India?
According to Indian law, a minor (anyone under 18 years of age) cannot enter into a contract, including property transactions. This means a minor cannot legally purchase property. However, parents or legal guardians can buy property in their minor child’s name and manage it until the child turns 18.
As per the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, while a minor cannot directly buy property, they can be gifted property. In such cases, the minor becomes the legal owner, but parents or guardians are responsible for managing it until the child reaches adulthood.
How Can Property Be Registered in a Minor’s Name?
If parents wish to buy property in their minor child’s name, they must follow these legal procedures:
- Purchase by Parents – Parents or guardians can buy property and register it in the child’s name.
- Gift Deed or Will – Property can be transferred through a gift deed or by mentioning the child as a beneficiary in a will.
- Management by Guardians – Since a minor cannot manage property, parents or legal guardians will handle it until the child turns 18.
Can a Minor Sell or Rent Out Property?
A minor cannot sell, rent, or mortgage property on their own. Since they are not legally allowed to sign contracts, their parents or legal guardians must handle such transactions on their behalf.
However, if parents wish to sell or mortgage the property before the child turns 18, they must seek permission from the court. The court ensures that the sale is in the minor’s best interest before granting approval.
Tax Implications on Property in a Minor’s Name
- No Tax on Gifted Property – If a minor receives property as a gift, there is no tax liability on the minor.
- Rental Income is Taxable – If the property generates rental income, that income is added to the parent’s income and taxed accordingly.
- Limit on Property Ownership – A minor cannot own more than two properties in their name under tax laws.
What Happens When the Minor Turns 18?
Once the minor reaches 18 years of age, they gain full ownership rights to the property. Parents or guardians must complete the legal process to officially transfer the property to them.
If the child wishes to sell or mortgage the property after turning 18, they can do so without requiring court approval.
Conclusion
While a minor cannot directly buy property, parents or legal guardians can purchase or gift property in their child’s name. However, proper legal procedures must be followed, and the property remains under the guardian’s control until the child becomes an adult.
If you are considering buying property in your child’s name, it is advisable to consult a legal expert to ensure compliance with all legal and tax regulations.
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